加强司法警察队伍建设 全面提升干警司法能力
张丽明
近年来,垦利县法院本着“政治建警、人才兴警、规范用警、科技强警”的整体思路,切实转变思想观念,高标准地建设起了一支一流的法警队伍。自2001年以来,连续4年在全市法院法警综合考评中获得第一名,多人立功受奖,在2003年全市首届司法警察军事技能大比武中取得第一名,在2004年垦利县政法系统组织的“大比武,大练兵”活动中也取得了优异成绩。在2004年9月开展的全国法院司法警察专业技能考核活动中,该大队考核成绩优秀,被省高法院通报表扬。在2005年,被市中院荣记“集体三等功”。
一、加强思想教育,提高法警的政治素质
坚持政治理论学习制度。认真落实本院政治理论学习的部署和要求,充分利用“星期六学校”,加强对法警的教育,坚定正确的政治方向,树立正确的世界观、人生观、价值观。通过强化“三个意识”,塑造了政治坚定、业务精通、作风优良、执法公正的司法警察队伍。一是强化廉政意识,通过收看警示教育专题片等形势加强廉政教育,提高法警执法的能力;二是强化“学习意识”,针对审判形势需要法警不断加强自身法律知识学习的现状,要求法警对法律知识进行全面的学习,鼓励参加自学和各类培训。今年以来,实施了“以考促学”,在以考促学中,院长亲自出题、亲自监考,全体法警与其他审判人员一样,统一参加考试,提高了法警学习的压力和动力;三是强化形象意识,在送达案件时,保持良好的仪表和文明的举止,尊重当事人的人格尊严。在执庭时,使用文明和规范的语言。在强制执行时,耐心听取各方当事人的意见,文明执法。
二、规范用警,确保司法警察各项工作规范有序
垦利县法院法警大队本着“队伍建设规范化、权利义务明确化、警务活动效能化”的目标,狠抓制度建设,着力构建规范化管理体系。一是根据司法警察工作任务,建立健全了司法警察大队长职责、政委职责、执行公务文明用语、司法警察工作管理奖惩规定、值班制度、对各类突发情况的预防和处置意见等几十项规章制度,同时制定了司法警察履行八项职能实施细则、司法警察处置突发事件预案、司法警察工作管理流程,作为法警工作和行动的准则,坚持用制度管人、管事、管工作,全方位渗透,事前、事中、事后全程结合,做到有章可循,人人置身于制度的约束之中。二是理顺工作关系,做到五个“统一”。严格按照《条例》的规定,对本院法警编队归口管理,理顺了工作关系,达到了统一集中办公、统一计划工作、统一安排任务、统一调用警力、统一指挥行动五个“统一”,队伍形成了合力,有规矩就有了方圆,事事时时都有章可循,法警工作全面进行了规范。
三、科技强警,努力提高法警队伍现代化战斗水平
为法警适应高科技在工作中的应用,垦利县法院加大科技投入,狠抓信息化建设,先后建起了本院局域网、全省法院系统广域网、因特网,同时加大了对法警的培训,使其及时掌握了各种现代化技术。为确保法警值庭安全,预防暴力事件的发生,投资6万余元安装了性能优良的安检门,有效地消除了审判安全隐患。在审判大楼内安装摄像头61个,建成了能够对重点防范部位、庭审活动进行全程录像的数字监控系统,值班法警“足不出户”就能及时掌握审判大楼内各重点部位的情况,不但减少了巡逻的压力,也很好地实现了监控全面、及时。另外法警队还配备对讲机,联系迅速,为处置突发事件提供了保障。垦利县法院法警大队在全市率先建立了法警队网页,内容涉及法警简介、法警风采、法警文化、教育训练、规章制度、警界纵横等近20个栏目,法警队的信息化建设走在了全市的前列,不但很好地展示了法警的良好形象,也使法警工作能够更好地接受社会监督。信息化建设,规范了法警管理,提升了科学管理水平,调动了法警的工作积极性,提高了法警队伍的现代化战斗水平。
四、文明执法,司法为民,圆满完成各项工作任务
四年来,法警大队全面履行职能,从未发生过工作差错和违法违纪问题,保证了审判和执行工作的顺利进行。
第一,严字当头,认真履行押解、值庭任务。面对被告人情况复杂、押解量大、押解危险的现状,法警队的同志们时刻保持高度的警惕,始终突出了一个“严”字,做到了手续严、程序严、押解严、看守严、督查严,及时有效地解决了各种意外情况。在刑事执庭中,严格按照法律规定文明值勤、文明提押、文明看管,所审结的刑事案件无一发生犯罪嫌疑人脱逃情况。在历次“严打斗争、公开宣判”大会上,都制定严密的执行方案,注重防范,讲究效果,有力地维护了社会稳定。四年来,法警队共押解800余人次,值庭500余个,警卫公判大会20余次,没有出现一起失误,做到了安全有序。在每一起案件的庭审中,规范、标准的押解、值庭、证据传递,不但确保了各项审判的顺利进行,促进了庭审的规范,也很好地树立了法院的良好形象,树立了法律权威。
第二,发挥特长,严肃执法,全力攻克执行难。多年来,垦利县法院始终把法警作为执行工作的主力军,发挥他们的职业特点,全力维护生效法律文书的权威。实践中,采取直接执行、协助执行和开展执行会战的方式,显示了一流的执行能力,有效解决了执行难问题,使垦利县法院执行案件步入良性循环。2003年,在协助强制执行河南省周口市一案件当事人时,法警大队制定了详细的执行方案,成功地扣押了被执行人的一辆桑塔纳轿车,行动快捷,干净利落,使围观的群众无一阻挡闹事。不到一星期的时间,被执行人就带足8万元欠款交到法院,案件顺利执结。在处理突发事件中,法警大队更是沉着冷静,不慌不忙。2003年5月、2004年7月份,因油田污染赔偿纠纷,两个村庄的百余名村民分别扣押了胜利油田黄河钻井总公司的工程车十余辆,在关键时刻,法警大队在先予执行过程中又发挥了不可替代的先锋作用,仅半个多小时的时间,就顺利解救出被扣押的车辆,保障了油田生产的正常进行,受到县委和油田领导的一致称赞。
第三,尽职尽责,全面参与,为各项审判作出积极贡献。法警大队在夜以继日地值好班、巡好逻,做好安全保卫的同时,发扬司法警察吃苦耐劳,作风顽强,职权特殊的特长,积极参与到各项审判活动之中。与业务庭密切配合,每年依法完成百余件的保全任务,保障了审判和执行的顺利进行。今年以来,送达各类民商事案件600余件。在案件送达中,法警不怕麻烦,不怕辛苦,不怕当事人埋怨。有的当事人故意躲避,他们就采取隐蔽等候的办法,早起晚归,不停地找,不停地问,直至送达完毕。通过各项工作,法警队成为了审判流程中不可或缺的重要一员,也进一步奠定了法警队在全院审判工作中的重要地位。
外国籍非军用船舶通过琼州海峡管理规则(附英文)
国务院
外国籍非军用船舶通过琼州海峡管理规则(附英文)
1964年6月8日,国务院
第一条 根据《中华人民共和国政府关于领海的声明》,琼州海峡是中国的内海,一切外国籍军用船舶不得通过,一切外国籍非军用船舶如需通过,必须按照本规则的规定申请批准。
第二条 为便利对琼州海峡进行管理,设“中华人民共和国琼州海峡管理处”(以下简称琼州海峡管理处)。
本规则由琼州海峡管理处监督执行。
第三条 琼州海峡管理处对琼州海峡管理的区域(以下简称管理区)暂定如下:木栏头灯桩(约北纬20度09分37秒、东经110度41分)与生狗吼沙灯桩(约北纬20度26分、东经110度30分22秒)联线(简称东线)以西,▲尾角灯桩(约北纬20度13分30秒、东经109度55分30秒)与临高角灯桩(约北纬20度00分22秒、东经109度42分06秒)联线(简称西线)以东的水域。
第四条 外国籍非军用船舶如需通过琼州海峡,必须办理以下手续:
(一)在进入管理区四十八小时以前或在开出港启航以前,将船名、国籍、总吨、航速、船身颜色、烟囱标志以及何日、何时由何地开往何处等情况,详细电报琼州海峡管理处,请求过峡。
(二)接到批准过峡的通知后,应在进入管理区二十四小时以前或在开出港启航后二小时内,向琼州海峡管理处确报进入管理区的时间。
以上请求过峡和批准过峡等的来往电报,均由中国外轮代理公司海口分公司代转。
第五条 琼州海峡管理处对于已经批准通过海峡的外国籍非军用船舶,认为必要时,可以临时通知禁止通过。
第六条 外国籍非军用船舶通过管理区的时间,一律以白天为限,均应在日出后进入管理区,日落前全部通过管理区。琼州海峡管理处根据申请过峡外国籍非军用船舶的航速,核准其进出海峡的具体时间。
第七条 外国籍非军用船舶进出琼州海峡一律走中水道,但经琼州海峡管理处特别许可的不在此限。
第八条 外国籍非军用船舶通过管理区时,应在下列规定的航区范围内航行:自东线距木栏头灯桩四海里处至西线距临高角灯桩四海里处联线以北,自东线距木栏头灯桩六海里处至排尾角灯桩正南四海里处继至西线距临高角灯桩十四海里处联线以南的水域。
第九条 外国籍非军用船舶通过琼州海峡,必须严格按照所报时间及规定的航区通行。在进入管理区和在管理区通行时,如见有从岸上或舰艇上发出的信号,应立即回答并无条件地执行信号要求。由于不遵守上述规定而发生的后果概由船方自行负责。
第十条 外国籍非军用船舶通过琼州海峡时,不得使用雷达。如在航行中遇浓雾、暴雨等视线恶劣的情况,需要使用雷达时,应向琼州海峡管理处提出报告,说明理由以及当时的船位、航速等,经批准后方准使用。如当时情况紧急,危及船舶航行安全时,可以一面申报一面使用,并在事后,将使用起迄时间和经过情况详细报告琼州海峡管理处备案。
第十一条 外国籍非军用船舶通过琼州海峡时,不准进行照像、测量以及其他违反中华人民共和国法令的行为。
第十二条 外国籍非军用船舶违反本规则,按下列规定处理:
(一)在未进入管理区之前,可以命令其停止进入管理区,由原路返航绕海南岛航行,或者俟其办妥过峡手续并经批准后,再行过峡。
(二)如果已经进入管理区,可以命令其停航并监送至海口港进行检查,根据检查情况给予处分。在处理后,视情况可以准其通过管理区,或令其退出管理区,直到押送其退出海峡。
RULES FOR THE CONTROL OF NON-MILITARY VESSELS OF FOREIGN NATIO-NALITY PASSING THROUGH THE QIONGZHOU STRAIT
Important Notice: (注意事项)
英文本源自中华人民共和国务院法制局编译, 中国法制出版社出版的《中华人民
共和国涉外法规汇编》(1991年7月版).
当发生歧意时, 应以法律法规颁布单位发布的中文原文为准.
This English document is coming from the "LAWS AND REGULATIONS OF THE
PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA GOVERNING FOREIGN-RELATED MATTERS" (1991.7)
which is compiled by the Brueau of Legislative Affairs of the State
Council of the People's Republic of China, and is published by the China
Legal System Publishing House.
In case of discrepancy, the original version in Chinese shall prevail.
Whole Document (法规全文)
RULES FOR THE CONTROL OF NON-MILITARY VESSELS OF FOREIGN NATIO-
NALITY PASSING THROUGH THE QIONGZHOU STRAIT
(Promulgated by the State Council on June 8, 1964)
Article 1
According to the Declaration of the Government of the People's Republic of
China concerning the Territorial Waters, the Qiongzhou Strait is an inland
sea of China, which is closed to all military vessels of foreign
nationality. Non-military vessels of foreign nationality to pass through
the Strait must be subject to an application for approval according to the
provisions of these Rules.
Article 2
The Qiongzhou Strait Administrative Office of the People's Republic of
China (hereinafter referred to as "the Qiongzhou Strait Administrative
Office") shall be set up to facilitate the administration of the Qiongzhou
Strait.
These Rules shall be implemented under the supervision of the Qiongzhou
Strait Administrative Office.
Article 3
The area under the administration of the Qiongzhou Strait Administrative
Office with respect to the Qiongzhou Strait (hereinafter referred to as
the administrative area) is tentatively delimited as follows: the water
area west of the line (the east line for short) linking the Mulantou Lamp
Stake (approximately north latitude 20x09'37", east longitude 110x41') and
the Shenggouhousha Lamp Stake (approximately north latitude 20x26', east
longitude 110x31'22") and east of the line (the west line for short)
linking the Jiaoweijiao Lamp Stake (approximately north latitude 20x13'30"
, east longitude 109x55'30") and the Lingaojiao Lamp Stake (approximately
north latitude 20x00'22", east longitude 109x42'06").
Article 4
Non-military vessels of foreign nationality that need to pass through the
Qiongzhou Strait must go through the following formalities:
(1) Report in detail by telegram such information as the ship's name,
nationality, gross tonnage, speed, hull colour, funnel marks, date and
time and port of departure, port of destination, etc. to the Qiongzhou
Strait Administrative Office and ask for permission to pass through the
Strait 48 hours before entering the administrative area or before leaving
the port of departure.
(2) Report accurately, after receiving the notice of approval for passing
through the Strait, the time of entering the administrative area to the
Qiongzhou Strait Administrative Office 24 hours before entering the
administrative area, or within 2 hours of weighing anchor at the port of
departure.
The above-mentioned telegrams concerning request and approval for passing
through the Strait shall all be conveyed through the Haikou Branch of the
China Ocean-shipping Agency Corporation.
Article 5
When deemed necessary, the Qiongzhou Strait Administrative Office may send
a summary notice to forbid a non-military vessel of foreign nationality
which has obtained the approval to pass through the Strait.
Article 6 [*1]
All non-military vessels of foreign nationality to pass through the
administrative area shall do so without exception within daytime. All of
them must enter the administrative area after sunrise and leave it before
sunset. The Qiongzhou Strait Administrative Office shall check and approve
the exact time for entering and leaving the Strait according to the speed
of the non-military vessels of foreign nationality which have applied to
pass through the Strait.
Article 7
Except those which have obtained special permission from the Qiongzhou
Strait Administrative Office, all non-military vessels of foreign
nationality entering and leaving the Qiongzhou Strait must use the middle
water course.
Article 8
Non-military vessels of foreign nationality passing through the
administrative area shall navigate in the following prescribed area: north
of the line linking the point on the east four nautical miles from the
Mulantou Lamp Stake and the point on the west four nautical miles from the
Lingaojiao Lamp Stake, and south of the line linking the point on the east
six nautical miles from the Mulantou Lamp Stake and the point four
nautical miles due south of the Paiweijiao Lamp Stake and then the point
on the west 14 nautical miles from the Lingaojiao Lamp Stake.
Article 9
Non-military vessels of foreign nationality to pass through the Qiongzhou
Strait must do so in strict accordance with the reported time and the
prescribed area. If they see any signals sent from ashore or naval vessels
while they are navigating into or within the administrative area, they
shall give an immediate reply and unconditionally carry out the
instructions conveyed by the signals. Any consequences arising from
failure to observe the above-mentioned stipulations shall be borne by the
vessels themselves.
Article 10
Non-military vessels of foreign nationality passing through the Qiongzhou
Strait shall not use radars. If it is necessary to use the radar in case
of dense fog, rainstorm, or other bad conditions affecting visibility, the
vessels shall report to the Qiongzhou Strait Administrative Office to
explain the necessity and report their positions, speeds and other
information. They may use the radar only after obtaining permission. In
case of an emergency endangering navigational safety of the vessels, they
may use the radar while making the reports; and after the emergency, the
vessels shall make a detailed report concerning the length of time for
using the radar and the whole course of the incident to the Qiongzhou
Strait Administrative Office for the record.
Article 11
Photographs, surveys or other activities violating the relevant laws and
regulations of the People's Republic of China are forbidden when non-
military vessels of foreign nationality pass through the Qiongzhou Strait.
Article 12
Where non-military vessels of foreign nationality violate these Rules, the
cases shall be dealt with as prescribed below:
(1) Those vessels that have not yet entered the administrative area may be
ordered not to enter but to go back by the original route and navigate
round the Hainan Island; or they may be ordered to go through the
necessary formalities for approval before passing through the Strait.
(2) Those vessels that have entered the administrative area may be ordered
to stop navigation and taken to the Haikou Harbour for inspection, the
result of which shall determine the penalty to be given. The Qiongzhou
Strait Administrative Office may then, depending on circumstances, allow
the vessels to pass through the administrative area, or order them to go
back, or even send them under escort out of the Strait.
Note:
[*1] On April 17, 1985, upon approval of the State Council and the Central
Military Commission, this Article was amended as follows: "Non-military
vessels of foreign nationality may pass through the Strait upon receiving
notice of approval, but their speed may not exceed 10 knots when they are
navigating into and within the administrative area." - The Editor.