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商业部质量管理奖评审管理办法

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商业部质量管理奖评审管理办法

商业部


商业部质量管理奖评审管理办法

(1990年11月10日商业部重新修订以(90)商社字第261号文发布)

第一章 总 则
第一条 商业部质量管理奖是商业部授予企业质量管理方面的最高奖励。目的是通过表彰,进一步推动全面质量管理工作的深入发展,提高企业的管理水平、服务质量、产品质量及经济效益。
第二条 商业部质量管理奖的评审范围是:从事商业活动的国营和集体企业(包括社会商业,商业、粮食部门商业,供销合作社商业,下同)、饮食服务业企业、商办工业企业和仓储运输企业。
第三条 商业部质量管理奖的评审,要同“抓管理,上等级,全面提高素质”工作紧密结合,同深化企业内部改革紧密结合,要对企业的全面质量管理工作具体分析,综合评价。
第四条 商业部质量管理奖每年评审一次,获部质量管理奖称号的企业,有效期为五年。
第五条 获得部质量管理奖的企业,由商业部择优推荐参加国家质量管理奖的评审。

第二章 评审机构
第六条 商业部企业管理指导委员会,领导商业部质量管理奖评审工作。指导委员会下设办公室,具体负责评审中的组织、协调工作。
第七条 在部质量管理奖评审活动期间,按行业组成评审小组,负责对企业质量管理奖的现场评审工作。评审小组的评审委员以部各专业管理司、局为主,根据评审委员条件进行考核、选聘。一年一聘,可以连聘。
第八条 行业评审小组的评审委员条件是:
一、遵守国家法律、贯彻国家的方针、政策,工作认真负责,作风正派、办事公道,遵纪守法,保守机密。
二、具有大专以上或相当于大专文化程度,有较高的专业技术水平及相应的管理知识,从事三年以上质量管理工作,有丰富的全面质量管理经验,曾参加过部或地区组织的全面质量管理评审工作,有较强的独立工作能力和总结分析能力。
三、身体健康、能适应评审工作的需要。

第三章 申报的基本条件
第九条 申报部质量管理奖的企业,必须具备下列条件:
一、已获得省、自治区、直辖市、计划单列市的质量管理奖或省、自治区、直辖市商业、粮食厅(局)、供销社质量管理奖一年以上。
二、申报前两年内无重大质量、伤亡、火灾、爆炸、中毒污染等事故。重大事故解释按专业部门的规定执行。
三、商业、饮食服务业和仓储运输业企业必须在实行规范管理和规范服务方面居省内先进水平,服务质量名列前茅;商办工业企业必须有一个以上产品获国家、部或省、自治区、直辖市优质产品称号。

第四章 申报要求和程序
第十条 根据“高标准、严要求、少而精、不照顾”的评审原则,每个厅、局、社每年只能推荐一个企业参加评审。
第十一条 申报商业部质量管理奖的企业,要首先向所在省、自治区、直辖市厅、局、社提出申请。各厅、局、社按照商业部下达的评审条件,对提出申请的企业进行认真的评审后,从合格者中择优报部。
第十二条 省级主管部门按规定时间,将申报商业部质量管理奖企业的申报表、获得省、自治区、直辖市、计划单列市质量管理奖或省、自治区、直辖市商业、粮食厅(局)、供销社质量管理奖一年以上的证明材料、主管部门的推荐意见及企业的上报材料,送部社会商业管理司。

第五章 审 批
第十三条 对各地申报企业的材料,由部社会商业管理司和各专业管理司局进行审查,确定现场评审企业的名单。
第十四条 各行业现场评审小组,按部当年下达的评审条件、细则对企业进行现场综合评审,并写出评审报告,在行业的现场评审结束后,提出小组推荐意见。
第十五条 部指导委员会召开指导委员会议,听取各评审组组长对现场评审情况的汇报,进行审核,确定获奖企业名单,并由商业部正式公布。
第十六条 获奖企业有效期满后,可以再次提出申请,填写申请表,附报获奖五年来的主要技术经济指标和全面质量管理工作总结,由省级主管部门组织现场评审组,按商业部当年的评审条件,评审细则对期满企业进行现场评审,评审后,将评审报告、评分结果汇总表、企业申报表和工作总结送部社会商业管理司一式二份。由社会商业管理司会同专业司局审定合格后,经部企业管理指导委员会确认并正式下达通知,可继续保持荣誉称号,有效期仍为五年。
第十七条 评审人员要廉洁奉公,团结协作,严格掌握标准,坚持原则,自觉抵制不正之风。违犯评审纪律者,视情节轻重,由部企业管理指导委员会给予批评教育,直至撤销评委资格。
第十八条 各行业评审小组的评审委员,在现场评审期间的食宿和旅费仍由受检企业负担,但必须执行国家规定的标准不得超过。
第十九条 受检企业在接受现场评审时,不得弄虚作假。在接待评审组时,要严格遵守下列纪律:
一、一律供应份饭,有食堂的一律在食堂就餐,标准不得超过国家规定。
二、从简安排住宿,尽可能住本企业招待所,或就近安排在一般招待所、旅馆。
三、不许为评审人员购买土特产品紧俏商品,不许组织检查人员游山玩水。

第六章 奖 惩
第二十条 获部质量管理奖的企业,由商业部发给“部质量管理奖”奖牌和证书。
第二十一条 获奖企业,如果发生重大质量事故或发现达不到部质量管理奖条件,省、自治区、直辖市主管部门应即向部如实报告,经部企业管理指导委员会批准,根据其不同情节,分别采取下列办法进行处理:
一、限期整顿改进,整顿时间最多不超过六个月。
二、暂停使用部质量管理奖称号,内部通报,待符合条件后恢复称号。
三、撤销部质量管理奖称号,收回奖牌、证书并予以通报。
第二十二条 凡以不正当手段达到获奖目的的,取销其评奖资格,并由上级主管部门进行查处。
第二十三条 获奖企业每年要对开展全面质量管理的情况进行总结,并于12月底以前将总结材料分报省级厅、局、社主管部门和部社会商业管理司。凡在有效期五年内有三年不报的,期满后,不再予以评审。
第二十四条 省、自治区、直辖市主管部门要加强对获奖企业的监督检查工作,每年十二月将检查结果报部。

第七章 附 则
第二十五条 本办法由商业部负责解释。
第二十六条 本办法自发布之日起实行。


  民间借贷是指公民之间、公民与法人或其它组织之间借贷活动。它是一种自发的民间融资活动,也是民间资本的重要投资渠道。近年来,扬州市江都区人民法院受理的民间借贷纠纷案件数量迅速攀升。2011年共受理民间借贷纠纷案件550件,结案547件,其中判决317件,撤诉105件,调解113件,调撤率为40%。从上述数据可以看出在民间借贷案件的审理中,诉讼调解仍然是化解矛盾纠纷,促进案结事了的有效途径重要方法。但同时我们不难发现,2011年民间借贷纠纷案件的调撤率仅为40%,一定程度地表明了民间借贷纠纷中双方的对立矛盾逐渐激烈,案件的审理周期变长,审理难度日趋增大。

  一、目前民间借贷纠纷案件呈现出的新特点及难点

  (一)民间借贷案件的诉讼主体构成呈现出多元化、复杂化的趋势

  过去民间借贷案件大多是发生在熟人之间,通常借款人与出借人具有较为亲密的关系,可能是亲朋好友或同事同学等等,一般出借人出于帮助的心理出借款项。但近年来,出借人出于牟利的心理,通过中间人介绍向互不相识的借款人放贷的情况日益普遍。特别是以抵押借贷公司为中介的民间借贷纠纷增长较快,放贷主体呈现多元化的趋势,涉及职业放贷人、企业法人、个体经营者以及寄卖行、小额贷款公司、融资公司、典当行等;而借款人也从因生活困难或资金周转需要而借款的个人扩展到融资经营的个体工商户、中小企业等等,一些企业以法定代表人或者股东个人名义向社会融资,成为了民间借贷的主力军,由此引发的民间借贷案件数量增多。

  借贷案件主体构成的多样化、复杂化使得民间借贷案件的审理难度加大,出现了新的难点。比如:一些借款案件中,款项的交付经由第三者或中间人之手,贷款人和借款人相互之间并不了解情况,在庭审中互不相识,对彼此是否存在债权债务关系容易产生争议;在一些由中间人或机构为中介的借贷案件中,中介机构或放贷公司在资金的流动以及利息等方面都有很大的操作空间,除收取中介费外,还可以收取高于放贷人约定的利息,这对于案件审理中利息的认定带来了一定难度;在一些企业以法定代表人或者股东个人名义融资借款的案件中,对于企业法定代表人(合伙负责人)或者职员签订的借条或者借款合同,应该认定为企业(合伙)对外的借款还是其法定代表人(负责人)个人的借款存在争议;由于借款主体的目的不同,在对夫妻关系存续期间,一方对外举债是否为夫妻共同债务的认定难度较大。

  (二)被告下落不明或拒不应诉的情况日趋普遍

  近年来,在法院受理的借贷纠纷案件中,债务人或不愿出庭应诉,拒签法院应诉材料;或为消极避债于原告起诉前弃企逃债,举家外迁,下落不明等等情形十分普遍,且有愈演愈烈之势。这一趋势给民间借贷案件的审理工作带来了三大难点:一是被告缺席或公告的案件大幅上升,在江都法院受理民间借贷案件中,被告缺席或公告的案件约占 40%左右。案件受理后,因被告下落不明,案件只能依法公告送达,浪费司法资源,延长案件的审结时间,也影响审判效率;二是因被告不到庭,案件只能缺席审理,这对于查明案件事实造成了很大的障碍。原告在法庭上可能会隐瞒对自己不利的案件事实,如隐瞒被告已归还部分借款和利息等等事实,从而导致案件上诉后被改判、发回重审甚至是再审,影响案件的整体质效考评指标;三是借贷案件的调解、撤诉率大幅下降,案件自动履行少,进入法院强制执行的比例高,且执行难度大,权利人的债权长期难以实现,从而加深了债权人对司法的公正性和法院公信力的怀疑。

  (三)大标的案件陡增,借贷案件中高利贷现象普遍存在

  从江都法院受理的借贷案件来看,大标的案件呈逐年上升的趋势。案件标的从过去一些自然人用于家庭日常生活的几万元、十几万元发展到上百万。大标的案件数量的陡增,反映了借贷规模扩大化的趋势。一些职业放贷人或借贷公司将社会家庭中闲散资金吸收进来集中放贷,放贷金额常常达到数百万元。此类案件的情况往往比较复杂,且放贷人背后牵扯到数十人甚至上百人的利益,涉及面较广,一旦处置不当或债权无法实现,可能会引发群案或其他群体性纠纷等社会问题,使司法陷入被动,甚至影响到社会稳定。同时,借贷案件中利率逐年升高。无息借贷的案件比例逐年减少,而要求给付利息、逾期利息或违约金的比例则逐年增加,这两项利息走势的反差,明显反应了民间借贷案件的营利性越来越强。利息的约定远高于银行贷款利率,从月息 1%至 3%不等。但事实上这还只是表面现象,大部分借贷双方的利息约定远高于此。案件当事人反映的高利贷问题十分突出,规避法律的手段也更加高明。民间借贷中出借人或不单独列明利息计算方式直接将利息预先在本金中扣除;或对未归还的借款,将利息计入本金,重新出具借条以计算复利;或通过约定巨额违约金或名目繁多的

  其他费用等等形式,谋取高利。在此类案件的审理中,被告虽提出借据数额与实际借款数额不一致或利息计算过高的抗辩,但被告往往对自己的抗辩举证困难,多数承担举证不力的法律后果,而法院仅凭借条内容无法认定是否存在高利贷,很难否定借据的证明力,从而导致可能间接保护了在合法形式掩盖下的高额利息。

  (四)民间借贷案件中涉嫌“虚假诉讼”、“问题借贷”或其他犯罪行为的情形日益突出

  民间借贷案件通常法律关系简单,证据比较单一,主要证据是借据或借款协议,且法律关系中一般不涉及第三人。因此,在一方有借据而另一方无异议时,法院可以认定借贷关系证据充分,并可直接作出裁判或进行调解,而不再要求当事人提供其他证据。正因如此,在实践中,为对抗其他生效判决的债务履行或为在离婚诉讼中分得更多的财产等原因,通过虚构债务,利用民间借贷合同进行恶意诉讼,规避法律、逃避债务,从而损害国家、集体以及其他人合法权益的情况屡有发生。其次,因不法原因而引起的“问题借贷”也频频发生,如因赌博、吸毒贩毒等原因而引发的借贷纠纷; 或有部分当事人反复涉诉,在江都法院审理的借贷案件中,总有几个耳熟能详的原告,出示的借款合同非常格式化、专业化,借款数额往往较大,具有专业放高利贷或黑社会背景之嫌。另外,在审理借贷案件过程中还发现有私刻公章、伪造借条等涉嫌犯罪行为的情形。对于以上种种的“问题借贷”,虽有相关法律规定“出借人明知借款人是为了进行非法活动而借款的,借贷关系不予保护。”但在此类情况中,关键要看出借人对于借款人从事非法活动是否“明知”,而“明知”的证明责任需要借款人来完成。在审判实践中,当事人不可能在借条中写明借款是用于赌博或吸毒等不法目的,而未在借条上写明的事项,当事人又难以举证证明。故在审判实践中,对于“明知”难以认定,往往造成了司法困惑。

  (五)借贷担保不规范,造成借贷案件中涉及担保人的比例大幅上升

  近年来,出借人同时起诉借款与担保人的案件数量增长较快,据初步统计约占民间借贷案件的三分之一至四分之一强。从审结的案件中可以看出,借贷担保存在着种种的不规范:一是担保方式不明,当事人一般只将担保作为借据中的一项内容来处理,通常仅写明“担保人×××”,具体的权利义务未注明,是一般担保还是连带担保也未约定不明,为将来产生纠纷埋下了隐患。二是担保身份不明,有的借贷双方只让保证人签了个字,未注明是保证人的身份。而有些人是见证人,却在保证人栏边签字。在有的借贷案件中,我们发现担保人收取了部分或全部借款,名义上的担保人实则是借款人。这为案件审理中担保人身份的认定增加了难度。三是担保标的指向不明。有的担保人只对分期还款计划中部分债务提供担保,却担保指向不明,造成担保纠纷。四是担保形同虚设。在一些设有抵押担保的借贷案件中,约定以车辆或房屋作抵押,但却不办理抵押登记手续的情况十分普遍,以致在出现纠纷时,抵押权及债权无法顺利实现。有的担保人根本没有偿还能力,却频频给人提供担保,收取一定费用的担保费用以获利,到了诉讼阶段则一走了之,使担保形同虚设,也给执行工作增加了难度。

  二、审理民间借贷纠纷案件的法律对策

  法院在审理民间借贷纠纷案件中,应当从以下几个方面规范民间借贷案件的审理,统一裁判尺度,防止当事人规避法律,利用司法程序妥善处理纠纷:

  1.加强对证据真实性的审查。 债务人对借据内容的笔迹或者签章的真实性提出异议的,双方当事人可以提供补充证据或者反驳证据。 人民法院应当根据双方提供的有效证据,结合案件的其他证据及相关情况,对证据的真实性进行综合审查判断。 需要通过司法鉴定来确认证据是否真实的,双方均可以申请司法鉴定。在原、被告均不申请鉴定的情况下,由原告承担不申请鉴定而产生的法律后果。原告申请鉴定的,被告应当提供笔迹或公章用作鉴定对比的样本;拒不提供的,法院可以直接认定借条上的签名或盖章是真实的。

  2.明确举证责任的分配。 对于出借人仅提供款项交付凭证,未提供借贷合意凭证的情形,借款人如提出双方不存在借贷关系或者其他关系的抗辩, 出借人应当就双方存在借贷合意进一步提供证据。 对于数额较大的借贷,出借人应当就借贷金额、期限、利率以及款项的交付等借贷合意、借贷事实的发生承担证明责任。借款人提出抗辩的,应当提供反驳证据予以证明。如果借款人对借据的效力、 金额等提出抗辩并有证据证明其与出借人之间存在买卖、承揽、居间等基础法律关系的,法院应当对基础关系进行审理;如果借款人对借据没有异议的,法院可以不审查基础法律关系。借款人主张借款本金、 利息等债务已经归还或者已经部分归还的, 应当承担证明责任, 不能提供证据或者举证不足的,法院对其主张不予支持。

  3.扩大法院依职权调查的范围。 一方面,法院应督促当事人积极举证,说明举证不能的不利后果,引导当事人全面提供证据。 另一方面, 应根据案件审理的需要,依职权进行调查取证,尽可能查明事实真相,为案件裁决提供坚实的事实基础。对于当事人主张以现金交付以及对方提供了非法证据等情形的,法院应当对相关证据或证据线索进行审查,必要时应依职权进行调查取证。

  4.注重对高利贷的审查排除。 对于有可能涉及高利贷等金融违法行为的民间借贷行为,法院要加强对借据的真实性及合法性的审查,在借条存在疑点的情况下,要加强对借款事实的审查,强化对证据的综合分析,不能仅凭原告提供的借条简单下判。对于高额揽息、预先扣息的违法行为不予保护,防止出借人通过法院判决将非法利益合法化。 借贷双方约定的利率超过借贷行为发生时中国人民银行公布的同期同类贷款基准利率四倍的,对超过部分的利息,法院不予支持;利息已经预先在本金中扣除的, 本金应当按照实际出借的金额认定。

  三、法院延伸司法服务职能,加强与其他部门的联动,从根本上减少民间借贷纠纷案件。

  法院不仅要立足审判职能,做好民间借贷案件的审理工作,而且要进一步延伸司法服务职能,加强法制宣传教育,营造民间融资的良好司法环境。首先要加强对公民诚实信用观念、借贷风险意识和投资风险意识的教育,使整个社会形成诚实守信的良好氛围,从而减少纠纷的发生。法院要结合送法下乡、下基层、进社区、进企业、法官联系村、社区等活动载体,运用“法制小报”、“以案说法”等活泼生动、喜闻乐见的形式,向人民群众进行相关法律政策的宣传教育工作,强化其对民间借贷相关法律知识和风险意识的了解和认识。其次,加强案件审判的示范作用,典型案件的审理可邀请社会各界旁听,到案件集中地区公开开庭,让更多的人旁听案件、了解案件达到引以为鉴的目的,着力通过审判,矫正借贷实践中的违法违归规行为,引导借贷双方回归理性借贷、合法借贷;第三,通过审判和宣传工作,积极引导人民群众对高利贷、非法集资等违法融资活动的自觉防范和抵制,努力净化民间融资环境,从根本上减少借贷纠纷的发生率。

  促进民间融资市场有序、规范发展,减少借贷纠纷,是一个系统工程,也是一个社会工程,需要社会各部门的共同努力与协作。法院在审理此类案件过程中,要注意加强与相关职能机构的沟通协调,对于在民间借贷案件中发现的,有证据证明有高利贷、赌债、非法集资、经济诈骗等违法犯罪问嫌疑的,应及时向公安、工商等部门通报移送,交由相关部门调查处理;对于可能引发社会稳定隐患的群体性借贷纠纷,应及时向当地党委、政府通报案情,请求相关部门出面协助,共同做好调解工作;对在借贷纠纷中发现可能引发大规模金融风险的情形,应及时与金融监管部门沟通联络,通过司法建议等形式,发出预警性信息,促进民间融资监管制度的完善,引导民间借贷向着健康的方向发展。

  (作者单位:江苏省扬州市江都人民法院)

中华人民共和国对外国籍船舶管理规则(附英文)

交通部


中华人民共和国对外国籍船舶管理规则(附英文)

(一九七九年八月二十五日国务院批准)

总则
第一条 为维护中华人民共和国的主权,维持港口和沿海水域的秩序,保证航行安全,防止水域污染,特制定本规则。
第二条 在中华人民共和国港口和沿海水域航行的外国籍船舶(以下简称船舶)应遵守本规则以及中华人民共和国一切有关法令、规章和规定。中华人民共和国政府设置在港口的港务监督认为有必要对船舶进行检查时,船舶应接受检查。
本规则所称沿海水域是指属于中华人民共和国的内水和领海以及国家规定的管辖水域。

第一章 进出港和航行
第三条 船长或船舶所有人应在船舶预定到达港口一星期之前,通过外轮代理公司填具规定的表报,向港务监督办理进口申请批准手续,并在到达港口之前二十四小时(航程不足二十四小时的,在驶离前一港口时),将预计到港时间,前、后吃水等情况通过外轮代理公司向港务监督报告。如预计到港时间有变化,应随时报告。船舶在航行途中,因遇险、发生故障、船员或旅客患急病等特殊情况,需临时进港或返航,应事先向港务监督报告。
第四条 船舶进出港口或在港内航行、移泊,必须由港务监督指派引航员引航。有关引航的具体事项,应按照中华人民共和国交通部颁发的《海港引航工作规定》办理。
第五条 船舶抵港后,应即呈报进口报告书及其它有关表报,同时交验船舶证书及有关文书,并接受检查。船舶出港前,应呈报出口报告书及其它有关表报,经检查发给出口许可证后,才可出口。
第六条 船舶上的武器、弹药,应在船舶抵港后由港务监督予以封存。无线电报发射机、无线电话发射机、火箭信号、火焰信号、信号枪,只有在危急情况下才可以使用,但在使用后必须向港务监督报告。
第七条 港内禁止射击、游泳、钓鱼、鸣放鞭炮或焰火以及其它危及港口安全秩序的行为。
第八条 船舶有下列情况之一者,港务监督有权在一定期间内禁止其出港或令其停航、改航、返航:
一、处于不适航状态;
二、违反中华人民共和国的法律或规章;
三、发生海损事故;
四、未缴付应承担的款项,又未提供适当担保者;
五、其它需要禁止航行的情况。
第九条 航行在中华人民共和国港口和沿海水域的船舶,不得进行危害中华人民共和国安全和权益的活动,并应遵守有关海峡、水道、航线和禁航区的规定。
第十条 船舶在港内不得以危及其它船舶和港口设施安全的速度航行。
第十一条 船舶附属的艇(筏),除了救生以外,不准在港内航行。
第十二条 船舶在港内航行、移泊时,船上的艇(筏)、吊货杆和舷梯等,不得伸出舷外。
第十三条 需要进入中华人民共和国对外轮开放的港口避风或临时停泊的船舶应向港务监督申请批准,申请内容包括:船名、呼号、国籍、船公司名称、出发港、目的港、船位、航速、吃水、船体颜色、烟囱颜色和标志,并应在指定的地点避风。
船舶如需在中华人民共和国对外轮开放的港口以外的地点避风或临时停泊,除办理上述申请批准手续外,还应遵守下列规定:
一、及时向就近的港务监督报告抛锚时间、位置和驶离时间;
二、遵守当地有关部门的规定,接受检查和询问,并听从指挥;
三、未经当地有关部门批准,船上人员不得登陆,不得装卸货物。

第二章 停泊
第十四条 船舶在港内停泊,必须留有足以保证船舶安全操纵的船员值班,遇有台风警报等紧急情况,全体船员必须立即回船采取防范、应急等措施。
第十五条 船舶在船员、旅客和其他人员上下之处设置的舷梯必须稳固,并有栏杆或攀索,软梯必须牢固安全,夜间应有足够的照明。
第十六条 船舶需要活车时,必须注意尾部周围环境,在不危及其他船舶和港口设施安全的情况下才可进行。
第十七条 停泊在港内的船舶,其两舷可能影响其他船舶、码头或人员上下的出水口必须加盖复罩。
第十八条 船舶的灯光不得影响其他船舶的航行安全,船上射向航道的强灯光,应予以遮蔽。
第十九条 船舶对装卸操作应提供安全良好的条件,装卸设备应具有合格证书,保持良好的技术状态。
第二十条 船舶进行下列事项,应事先向港务监督申请批准:
一、拆修锅炉、主机、锚机、舵机、电台;
二、试航、试车;
三、放艇(筏)进行救生演习;
四、烧焊(进船厂修理的除外),或者在甲板上明火作业;
五、悬挂彩灯。
第二十一条 船舶熏蒸,应采取严密的安全措施,并应悬挂港口规定的信号。
第二十二条 为了维护港口和船舶的安全,需要在港内的船舶移泊或提前、推迟开航,船舶应遵守港务监督的决定。

第三章 信号和通讯
第二十三条 船舶在中华人民共和国港口和沿海水域航行、停泊,白天应悬挂船籍国的国旗,进出港口和移泊应加挂船名呼号旗和港口规定的有关信号。
第二十四条 船舶在进出港口和锚泊时,应注意港口信号台的呼叫和信号,在使用视觉信号时,应遵守中华人民共和国沿海港口信号规定。沿海港口未曾规定的信号,应依照《国际信号规则》办理。
第二十五条 船舶在港内除因航行安全必须外,不得随意鸣放声号。需要试笛时,应事先向港务监督报告。
第二十六条 船舶在港内使用甚高频无线电话,应遵守中华人民共和国交通部颁发的《关于外轮使用甚高频无线电话暂行办法》。

第四章 危险货物
第二十七条 船舶装卸、载运危险货物,应悬挂规定的信号,遵守有关危险货物运输管理的规定,采取必要的安全措施,特别是性能相抵触的货物,不许混装,严禁爆炸物品与发火物、易燃物品装载于同一舱内。
第二十八条 船舶载运爆炸物品、剧毒物品、放射性物品、压缩气体和液化气体、氧化剂、自燃物品、遇水燃烧物品、易燃液体、易燃固体和酸性腐蚀物品等一级烈性危险货物,应详细列具品名、性质、包装数量和装载位置,并且附具危险货物性质说明书,在预定到达港口三天之前,通过外轮代理公司向港务监督申请办理签证,经许可后才可进港、起卸或者过境。出口船舶载运上述危险货物,应在开始装载的三天以前,申请办理签证,经许可后才可装运。
第二十九条 船舶申请签发装运出口危险货物安全装载证明书,应在开始装载三天之前向港务监督提出书面申请,写明危险货物的品名、性质、包装、数量、装载位置(并且附具货物装载图)、中途港和目的港等事项并在港务监督指定的泊位进行装载。

第五章 航道保护
第三十条 船舶航行应遵守航行规定,维护航行秩序,如船舶发生意外事故有沉没危险时,应立即向港务监督报告,并尽力采取有效措施,驶离航道,避免妨碍交通和危及其他船舶。如果船舶已经沉没,船方应及时在沉没地点设置临时信号标志。
第三十一条 对沉没在港口或沿海水域的船舶或其他物体的打捞,均按照《中华人民共和国打捞沉船、沉物管理办法》办理。港务监督可视具体情况,通知沉船沉物所有人限期打捞清除,或立即组织打捞或解体清除,全部责任和费用应由沉船沉物所有人承担。
第三十二条 船舶发现或捞获沉、浮物体,应报告或送交港务监督处理,由港务监督酌情给予奖励。
第三十三条 船舶在港内需要倾倒垃圾等废弃物,应显示港口规定的信号招用垃圾船(车)。
第三十四条 船舶应爱护航道设备和助航标志,如损坏了助航标志、港口建筑或其他设施,应立即向港务监督报告,并应负责恢复原状或偿付恢复原状所需费用。

第六章 防止污染
第三十五条 在中华人民共和国的港口和沿海水域,禁止船舶任意排放油类、油性混合物,以及其他有害的污染物质和废弃物。
第三十六条 船舶排放压舱水、洗舱水、舱底水,必须向港务监督申请批准。如果船舶来自有疫情的港口,应经过卫生检疫机关卫生处理。装运危险货物和其他有害污染物船舱的污水、洗舱水,应经有关卫生部门鉴定合格后,方可在指定地点排放。
第三十七条 凡油轮和使用燃油的船舶,应备有油类记录簿,并且按照记录簿各项规定及时如实记载。
第三十八条 如船舶在港口和沿海水域发生污染事故,应将经过情况分别纪入油类记录簿和航海日志,并立即向港务监督报告,同时必须采取有效的措施防止扩散。如需采用化学剂处理,应提供化学成份说明书,向港务监督申请批准。
第三十九条 本章未列事项,按照中华人民共和国有关防止水域污染的规定办理。

第七章 消防和救助
第四十条 严禁在货舱以及易于引起船舶火警的场所吸烟和弄火。
第四十一条 船舶加油和油船装卸作业,应采取严密的防火安全措施。
第四十二条 船舶在港内进行烧焊等工程,应事先清理周围环境,采取严密防范措施,配备消防设备,并且在施工前后进行检查。对油舱及其邻近部位还必须卸完全部油料,清除残油,彻底通风,排除其内部易燃气体,并取得合格证明之后,才可以烧焊。
第四十三条 船舶失火或发生海难,应立即将出事地点和本船吨位、吃水、载货、受损和需要某种援助等情况报告港务监督。
第四十四条 港务监督在必要时,可动员和指挥在港内或沿海水域的船舶参加救助遇难船舶,在不影响本船安全的情况下,被动员的船舶有责任尽力救助。
第四十五条 港务监督或救助部门的负责人员到达现场,遇难船舶的船长应立即报告失事情况及已经采取的措施,提供救助必需的资料和方便,并且可以提出有关救助的建议。港务监督为维护安全秩序作出的决定,有关方面必须遵守。

第八章 海损事故
第四十六条 船舶发生海损事故,应尽速用电报或无线电话向港务监督报出扼要报告。在港区以外发出的海损事故,船长应在船舶进入第一港口四十八小时内,向港务监督递交海损事故报告书;在港区内发生的海损事故,船长应在二十四小时内向港务监督递交海损事故报告书。
第四十七条 船舶在中华人民共和国港口和沿海水域造成人命、财产损害事故时,应积极救助受害的船舶和人员,及时向港务监督报告,并接受调查和处理。如果肇事者见危不救,隐匿逃遁,将从严处理。
第四十八条 船舶发生船员死亡事故,应立即向港务监督报告。在港内由于船方或港方人员的过失,造成对方损害或伤亡事故等,应保留现场,双方都应及时向港务监督报告。如果发生纠纷,当事的任何一方,都可以向港务监督申请调查处理,涉及刑事范围的,由中华人民共和国司法机关处理。
第四十九条 本章未列事项,按照中华人民共和国交通部颁发的《海损事故调查和处理规则》办理。

第九章 违章处罚
第五十条 凡违反本规则以及中华人民共和国一切有关法令、规章和规定者,港务监督得按其性质、情节分别给予警告、罚款等处分,性质恶劣、情节严重者移交司法机关处理。
第五十一条 受处分者如果对所受处分不服,可以在接到通知的次日起十五日之内,向中华人民共和国港务监督局提出申诉。但在没有变更决定之前,原处分仍为有效。

第十章 附则
第五十二条 关于船舶避碰,本规则和中华人民共和国其他有关规定中未列事项,依照中华人民共和国施行的《国际海上避碰规则》办理。
第五十三条 本规则由中华人民共和国国务院批准施行,中华人民共和国交通部一九五七年三月十二日颁发的《中华人民共和国对外国籍船舶进出港口管理办法》同时废止。

RULES OF THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA GOVERNING VESSELS OFFOREIGN NATIONALITY

Important Notice: (注意事项)
英文本源自中华人民共和国务院法制局编译, 中国法制出版社出版的《中华人民共和国涉外法规汇编》(1991年7月版).
当发生歧意时, 应以法律法规颁布单位发布的中文原文为准.
This English document is coming from the "LAWS AND REGULATIONS OF THE
PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA GOVERNING FOREIGN-RELATED MATTERS" (1991.7)
which is compiled by the Brueau of Legislative Affairs of the State
Council of the People's Republic of China, and is published by the China
Legal System Publishing House.
In case of discrepancy, the original version in Chinese shall prevail.

Whole Document (法规全文)
RULES OF THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA GOVERNING VESSELS OF
FOREIGN NATIONALITY
(Approved by the State Council on August 25, 1979) and promulgated
by the Ministry of Communications on September 18, 1979)
General Provisions
Article 1
These Rules are formulated in order to safeguard the sovereignty of the
People's Republic of China, maintain the order of ports and coastal
waters, ensure the safety of navigation and prevent the pollution of
waters.
Article 2
All vessels of foreign nationality sailing in the ports and coastal waters
of the People's Republic of China (hereinafter referred to as "vessels")
shall abide by these Rules and all the relevant decrees, stipulations and
provisions of the People's republic of China. Whenever the Harbour
Superintendency Administration set up by the Government of the People's
Republic of China is of the view that it is necessary to conduct
inspection of vessels, the vessels must subject themselves to inspection.
The term coastal waters as used in these Rules refers to the inland waters
and territorial seas of the People's Republic of China and the waters
stipulated by the State to be under its jurisdiction.

Chapter I Port Entry and Exit and Navigation
Article 3
The captain or the ship owner shall, through the China Ocean-shipping
Agency Corporation, one week before the scheduled arrival of his vessel at
a port, fill in the prescribed forms and go through the procedures to
apply for approval of port entry with the Harbour Superintendency
Administration and, 24 hours before the vessel's arrival at the port (or
if the voyage is less than 24 hours, at the time of departure from the
previous port), through the agent company for foreign vessels, report to
the Harbour Superintendency Administration on the scheduled time at
arrival, forward draft, stern draft, and other such conditions. A report
shall be made at any time if any change at the time of arrival is
anticipated. If in the course of its voyage, a vessel has to enter or
return to the port temporarily due to special circumstances such as
mishap, malfunction, or acute illness contracted by its seamen or
passengers, a report shall be made to the harbour Superintendency
Administration in advance.
Article 4
When a vessel goes into or out of a port or sails or changes berths in it,
it shall be guided by a pilot appointed by the Harbour Superintendency
Administration. The specific matters concerning pilotage shall be handled
in accordance with the "Provisions for Pilotage in Ports" promulgated by
the Ministry of Communications of the People's Republic of China.
Article 5
Upon arrival of a vessel at a port, the entry and other relevant reports,
together with the certificate of registry and relevant documents shall be
submitted promptly for examination, and the vessel shall be subject to
inspection. Before a vessel goes out of a port, the exit and other
relevant reports shall be submitted and the vessel may go out only with an
exit permit issued after inspection.
Article 6
All weapons and ammunition on board a vessel shall be k ept under seal by
the Harbour Superintendency Administration upon arrival of the vessel at
the port. Radio telegraph transmitters, radio telephone transmitters,
rocket signals, flame signals and signal guns shall only be used in
conditions of emergency; and after such use, reports must be made to the
Harbour Superintendency Administration.
Article 7
It shall be forbidden, inside a port, to shoot, swim, fish or set off
fire-crackers or fireworks or do other acts likely to endanger the safety
and order of the port.
Article 8
The Harbour Superintendency Administration shall be entitled to prohibit a
vessel from going out of the port within a specified period of time, or
order it to suspend its voyage, change its course or return to the port if
the vessel is in any of the following conditions:
1. in an unseaworthy condition;
2. in contravention of the laws or regulations of the People's Republic of
China;
3. having involved in an accident of marine damage;
4. having failed to pay prescribed dues and to provide an appropriate
guarantee therefor;
5. other conditions which call for prohibition of navigation.
Article 9
Vessels sailing in the ports and coastal waters of the People's Republic
of China shall not engage in activities detrimental to the security,
rights and interests of the People's Republic of China and shall abide by
the provisions concerning straits, waterways, navigation lines and
restricted zones.
Article 10
Vessels shall not sail at such speed in ports as to endanger the safety of
other vessels and port facilities.
Article 11
The boats (rafts) attached to vessels shall not be allowed to sail in
ports except for lifesaving purposes.
Article 12
When sailing or changing berths in ports, vessels shall not have their
attached boats (rafts), derricks, gangways, etc. extended over the board
sides.
Article 13
Vessels that have to enter into a port of the People's Republic of China
which is open to foreign vessels for the purpose of taking shelter or
temporary berth shall apply to the Harbour Superintendency Administration
for approval; the application shall include: the ship's name, call sign,
nationality, name of the carrier, port of departure, port of destination,
ship's position, speed, draft, hull colour(s), funnel colour(s) and mark,
and shall take shelter at the specified place.
Vessels that have to take shelter or temporary berth in a place other than
the ports open to foreign vessels of the People's Republic of China shall,
in addition to going through the above procedures for the application for
approval, abide by the following:
1. duly report to the Harbour Superintendency Administration in the
neighbourhood on the anchoring time, position and the time of departure;
2. observe the provisions of the relevant local departments, subject
itself to inspection and enquiry and obey orders;
3. the personnel on board the vessel shall not come to land nor shall the
goods on board be unloaded without the approval of the relevant local
departments.

Chapter II Berthing
Article 14
Vessels berthed in a port shall have on duty a number of seamen sufficient
to ensure the safe operation of the vessel and, in times of a typhoon
warning or other emergency conditions, all crew members shall immediately
return on board to take preventive and other measures.
Article 15
The gangways of a vessel set up where the crew members, passengers and
other personnel embark and disembark shall be firm and secure and armed
with rails or hand ropes; rope ladders shall be firm and safe, with
adequate illumination at night.
Article 16
When a vessel has to start its engine, attention shall be paid to the
surroundings of the stern and it shall only be done in circumstances where
the safety of other vessels and port facilities will not be endangered.
Article 17
The water outlets on both sides of a vessel berthed in a port, which are
likely to affect other vessels, the pier or the embarkation and
disembarkation of personnel shall be covered.
Article 18
The light of a vessel shall not affect the safety of navigation of other
vessels and strong lights of the vessel projected towards the course of
navigation shall be blocked.
Article 19
Vessels shall provide safe and good conditions for loading and unloading
operations and the loading and unloading installations shall possess
certificates of compliances and be maintained in good technical condition.
Article 20
A vessel shall make prior applications to the Harbour Superintendency
Administration for approval to carry out the following operations:
1. dismantling and repair of boilers, main engine, windlasses, steering
gear and transmitters;
2. trial voyages and trial runs;
3. setting down boats (rafts) to carry out lifesaving rehearsal;
4. welding or soldering (except for repair in a dockyard) or carrying out
operations with uncovered light on the deck;
5. hanging out decorative lamps.
Article 21
In the fumigation of a vessel, strict safety measures shall be taken and
the signal stipulated by the Port shall be hoisted.
Article 22
To ensure safety of the port and vessels, the decisions of the Harbour
Superintendency Administration shall be complied with if any ship has to
change berths in the port or set sail ahead of schedule or postpone
sailing.

Chapter III Signals and Communication
Article 23
Vessels sailing or berthed in the ports and coastal waters of the People's
Republic of China shall fly the national flags of their countries of
registry in daytime. When coming into or going out of the ports or
changing berths, they shall additionally fly their vessel flags for call
and the relevant signals stipulated by the port.
Article 24
When coming into or going out of the port or anchoring, vessels shall pay
attention to the calls and signals of the port signal station and shall
observe the regulations of the People's Republic of China for signals in
coastal ports in the use of visual signals. In respect of signals not yet
stipulated by coastal ports, "International Rules for Signals" shall be
observed.
Article 25
Vessels in ports shall not send out sound signals at will except out of
necessity for navigation safety. When it is necessary to test whistles, a
report shall be submitted to the Harbour Superintendency Administration in
advance.
Article 26
In the use of very high frequency radio telephones in ports, vessels shall
abide by the "Interim Measures for the Use of Radio Telephones of Very-
high-frequency by Vessels of Foreign Registry" promulgated by the Ministry
of Communications of the People's Republic of China.

Chapter IV Dangerous Goods
Article 27
In loading, unloading or transportation of dangerous goods, the vessels
shall hoist the stipulated signals, observe the stipulations for the
administration of the transportation of dangerous goods and take necessary
safety measures. In particular, goods with mutually-conflicting properties
shall not be loaded in a mixed way and it shall strictly be prohibited to
load explosive articles together with igniters or combustible articles in
the same holds.
Article 28
In carrying Class-1 strongly dangerous goods such as explosive articles,
deadly poisonous articles, radioactive articles, compressed gases and
liquefied gases, oxidizers, spontaneous combustible articles, articles
that ignite when in contact with water, combustible liquids, combustible
solids and acid corrosives, vessels shall list in detail the names of the
goods, their properties, package, quantity and loading position, and also
attach the instructions concerning the properties of the dangerous goods
to the lists and apply to the Harbour Superintendency Administration
through the agent companies for foreign vessels for clearance visas three
days before their scheduled arrival at the ports. Only with approval may
they enter the port, unload goods, or pass through the transit. To carry
the above mentioned dangerous goods, outgoing vessels shall apply for
clearance visas three days before the start of loading. Only with
approval may they load and carry.
Article 29
In applying for the safety certificates for loading and carrying dangerous
goods for export, vessels shall make written applications to the Harbour
Superintendency Administration three days before the start of loading,
clearly stating the names of the dangerous goods, their properties,
package, quantity, loading position (also attached with loading plans of
the goods), midway ports, port of destination, etc. Loading shall be done
at the berths specified by the Harbour Superintendency Administration.

Chapter V Safeguard of Navigation Lanes
Article 30
In navigation, vessels shall abide by the provisions for and maintain the
order of navigation. If a vessel encounters an accident and is in danger
of sinking, it shall promptly report to the Harbour Superintendency
Administration and take effective measures as best as it can to sail out
of the lane so as not to obstruct navigation and endanger other vessels.
If the vessel has sunk, the vessel side shall duly set up a temporary
signal mark at the place of its sinking.
Article 31
The salvage of vessels or other articles which have sunk in the ports or
coastal waters shall be handled in accordance with the "Measures of the
People's Republic of China for the Administration of the Salvage of Sunken
Vessels and Sunken Articles". The Harbour Superintendency Administration
shall, according to particular circumstances, notify the owners of the
sunken vessels or sunken articles to salvage and remove them within a
prescribed period, or promptly organize the salvage or dismantlement and
removal; the entire responsibilities and expenses shall be borne by the
owners of the sunken ship and sunken articles.
Article 32
If a vessel, finds or dredges up any sunken or floating article, it shall
report, or hand it over for handling, to the Harbour Superintendency
Administration, which shall give awards at its discretion.
Article 33
If a vessel has to dump rubbish and other refuse in a port, it shall
display the signal stipulated by the port to call up a rubbish boat (or
truck).
Article 34
Vessels shall take good care of lane installations and navigational aids.
If a vessel has damaged any navigational aid, port construction or other
facilities, it shall promptly report to the Harbour Superintendency
Administration and undertake to restore them or pay compensation for the
restoration.

Chapter VI Prevention of Pollution
Article 35
In the ports and coastal waters of the People's Republic of China, vessels
shall be prohibited from wilfully draining away oils, oil mixtures and
other pernicious pollutants and wastes.
Article 36
Vessels shall apply to the Harbour Superintendency Administration for
approval for draining away ballast water, washing water from holds or
bilge water. A vessel that comes from an epidemic-affected port shall go
through the hygienic treatment of the quarantine. The bilge water and
washing water from the holds of vessels carrying dangerous goods and other
pernicious pollutants may be drained at specified places only after
appraisal which indicates that they meet the standards of the public
health department concerned.
Article 37
All oil tankers and vessels using fuel oil shall possess oils registers
and duly and truly make entries therein in accordance with various
provisions of the registers.
Article 38
If polluting accidents occur with vessels in the ports or coastal waters,
they shall record the course of events separately in their oils registers
and sea logs, promptly report to the Harbour Superintendency
Administration and at the same time take effective measures to prevent
diffusion of the pollutants. If treatment with chemicals is required, it
is necessary to apply to the Harbour Superintendency Administrations for
approval, and provide them with the instructions of the chemical
ingredients.
Article 39
Matters not included in this chapter shall be handled in accordance with
the provisions of the People's Republic of China relating to the
prevention of pollution of waters.

Chapter VII Fire Control and Rescue
Article 40
It shall strictly be forbidden to smoke or make fires in cargo holds or
other places prone to fire on board the vessels.
Article 41
Strict fire-prevention and safety measures shall be taken for the
refueling of vessels and for the loading and unloading operations of oil
tankers.
Article 42
To perform such engineering projects as welding or soldering on board a
vessel, the surroundings, shall be cleared in advance, strict precaution
measures be taken, firefighting equipment be made ready and inspection be
conducted before and after the operations. The oil tanks and their
adjacent parts shall necessarily be emptied of all oil materials, cleared
of residues of oil, thoroughly ventilated, with their internal combustible
gases discharged and certified as up-to-standard before welding or
soldering can be carried out.
Article 43
If a vessel catches fire or encounters a sea peril, it shall promptly
report to the Harbour Superintendency Administration such conditions as
scene of the accident, tonnage of vessel, draft, cargo carried, damages,
and the kind of assistance required.
Article 44
If necessary, the Harbour Superintendency Administration may mobilize and
command the vessels in the port or coastal waters to take part in the
rescue of a vessel in trouble and under the circumstances that their own
safety will not be affected, the mobilized vessels have the responsibility
to partake in the rescue as best as they can.
Article 45
When the Harbour Superintendency Administration or leading members of the
rescue department arrive at the scene, the captain of the vessel in
trouble shall promptly report the state of the accident and the measures
which have been taken and supply the data and facilities required for the
rescue. He may also make suggestions concerning the rescue. The parties
concerned shall observe the decisions made by the Harbour Superintendency
Administration for the maintenance of security and order.

Chapter VIII Accidents of Damages at Sea
Article 46
When an accident of damages at sea occurs to a vessel, it shall make a
summary report to the Harbour Superintendency Administration by telegraph
or radio-telephone as soon as possible. With regard to the occurrence of
an accident of damages at sea outside a port area, the captain shall
submit a report about the accident to the Harbour Superintendency
Administration within forty-eight hours of the vessel's entry into the
first port of call. With regard to the occurrence of an accident of
damages at sea within the port, the captain shall submit a report about
the accident to the Harbour Superintendency Administration within 24
hours.
Article 47
When a vessel causes an accident in the port or coastal waters of the
People's Republic of China, which results in the loss of human life and
damage to property, it shall actively attempt to rescue the damaged vessel
and injured personnel, promptly report the matter to the Harbour
Superintendency Administration and subject itself to investigation and
handling. The troublemaker who does not rescue those in danger but hides
itself or runs away shall be severely dealt with.
Article 48
If the death of a seaman occurs on board a vessel, the vessel shall
promptly make a report to the Harbour Superintendency Administration. If
the default of personnel of the vessel side or the port side gives rise to
damage or injury or death to the other side, the scene shall be kept
intact and both sides shall duly report to the Harbour Superintendency
Administration. If a dispute occurs, any party concerned may apply to the
Harbour Superintendency Administration for investigation and handling.
Those involving crimes shall be dealt with by the judicial organs of the
People's Republic of China.
Article 49
Matters which are not included in this Chapter shall be handled in
accordance with the "Rules for the Investigation and Handling of Accidents
of Damage at Sea promulgated by the Ministry of Communications of the
People's Republic of China.

Chapter IX Punishments on Contravention of Regulations
Article 50
The Harbour Superintendency Administration shall impose such punishments
as a warning or a fine, according to the nature and seriousness of the
offence, on anyone who has contravened these Regulations and any other
relevant decrees, provisions and regulations of the People's Republic of
China. Those of a vile and serious nature shall be handed over to, and
dealt with by, the judicial organs.
Article 51
If the punished party does not accept the punishment, he can make an
appeal to the Harbour Superintendency Administration of the People's
Republic of China within 15 days of receipt of the notice. Before
alteration of the decision, however, the original punishment shall still
take effect.

Chapter X Supplementary Provisions
Article 52
With regard to the prevention of collision of vessels, matters which are
not included in these Regulations and other relevant provisions of the
People's Republic of China shall be handled in accordance with the
"International Rules For the Avoidance of Collision at Sea" implemented by
the People's Republic of China.
Article 53
These Regulations shall be put into effect as of the date of promulgation
by the State Council of the People's Republic of China. Concurrently
therewith, the "Measures of the People's Republic of China For the
Administration of Port Entry and Exit by Vessels of Foreign Registry"
promulgated by the Ministry of Communications of the People's Republic of
China on March 12, 1957 shall be annulled.